Corporate social responsibility: Insights from COVID-19 and stakeholder theory

The transition from primary sustainable goals to crisis management exemplifies a new era of corporate social responsibility, sustainable business models, corporate sustainability, and stakeholder theory. This study examines the varied dynamics of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) during COVID-19, as well as its potential and limitations, in order to gain a better understanding of CSR. The results expand upon the instrumental version of CSR and the application of stakeholder theory during COVID-19. It reflects on the necessity for a wider integration of societal issues in CSR's driving philosophy as well as the underlying need to study diverse sectors of governance across the globe due to the increased potential for exploitation of the weak, particularly during times of crisis. This study examines the theoretical foundations of the themes and the lines of divergence between CSR's past and present by reviewing the social, intellectual, and conceptual structure of the literature. It emphasizes the importance of post-COVID-19 policies that prioritize job creation by implementing stronger labor market standards. Governments should eliminate barriers and implement pro-SME laws and programs. A sustainable fiscal policy takes future generations into account. Sustainable corporate finance incorporates long-term financial goals and social values into stakeholder theory. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Medical Profession in the 21(st) Century. Is it Still Alluring??

Introduction: The world, particularly India, is in the midst of one of the worst pandemics ever. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the country like a tsunami, taking a toll on life. A robust health-care industry with competent, productive, and positive manpower is needed like never before. The productivity of doctors is directly related to the fulfillment they experience in their jobs. Aims and Objectives: The study will try to explore the satisfaction level of doctors working in Haryana. It will also delve into major determinants of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional survey-based analysis was conducted in FMHS SGTU on doctors employed in Haryana. The prevalidated questionnaire was administered via Google Forms. Results: A total of 515 filled pro forma were obtained. 71.6% of doctors were found to be satisfied in their chosen profession. Discussion: The discontentment among doctors is now globally acknowledged. It stems from a wide array of issues such as the growing incidents of workplace violence, lack of security measures, deteriorating doctor-patient relationship, erratic work hours, monumental workload in stressful environment, inadequate infrastructure, and pitiful pay. Conclusion: There is marked diminution in doctors' morale who regret being in this profession more and more. However, with the joint efforts of society and competent authorities, this grim situation can be rectified. Steps should be taken to build a strong doctor-patient relationship based on trust and boost infrastructure so that medical profession can be made alluring in the 21(st) century.

Enhancing Social Media Sentiment Analysis with a Deep Learning Language Model Ensemble

The need for understanding users' actions is significant due to the fast growth of data caused by users' contributions on social media platforms, which is especially pertinent in light of the current epidemic caused by the coronavirus. The scope of the investigated dataset in this research is the thoughts included inside postings relating to the epidemic. It might be difficult to identify the categorization algorithms that are best suited for this sort of information. In this setting, models of deep learning for sentiment analysis have the potential to bring detailed representation capabilities and increased performance in comparison to feature-based methods that are already in use. In this study, we focus on enhancing the performance of sentiment classification by utilizing a specialized deep-learning model. This model combines an improved word embedding method with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network that we construct. Ultimately, our goal is to improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis. In addition, we present an ensemble model that combines our baseline classifier with other state-of-the-art classifiers that are used for conducting sentiment analysis. This model was created by combining our baseline classifier with other state-of-the-art classifiers. It is the goal of this model to be more accurate than any of the other models taken individually. This article made two types of contributions. (1) We provide a robust framework using word embedding and an LSTM network to learn contextual links among words and grasp unheard or unusual words in emergent circumstances like the coronavirus epidemic by detecting suffixes and prefixes from training data. Because it can learn word contexts, this framework can achieve this. This framework is able to do this task as a result of its capacity to learn the contextual relations between words and to learn the contextual connections between words. (2) We propose a hybrid ensemble model for sentiment analysis in order to capture and make use of the major discrepancies that exist among methods that are considered to be state-of-the-art. These discrepancies exist across various approaches to the problem of analyzing people's feelings about things. In a lot of the experiments that we run, we make use of our one-of-a-kind Twitter coronavirus hashtag dataset, as well as public review datasets from Amazon and Yelp. An inquiry based on statistics is carried out for the aim of drawing conclusions, and the findings of this research demonstrate that the performance of these recommended models beats that of other models with respect to the accuracy of categorization. © Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems.

CoviIS: A Real-Time Covid Help Information System Using Digital Media

In this paper, we present CoviIS, an emergency Covid Information System that utilizes digital media to provide helpful information in uncertain times of the Covid pandemic. Since people require different types of information during times of crisis, the findings obtained from this work integrate various pieces of information into a form of coherency, thereby aiding people during an emergency and reducing further damage. The study brings together real-time Covid informatics employing multiple methods such as general search, social media search, and geographical analysis. To assist people in this emergency, we also conduct a comprehensive analysis of news articles and social media activities to provide an economically feasible solution. CoviIS helps locate the nearest hospitals and Covid isolation centers for seeking medical attention during an emergency. CoviIS also provides emergency information through news articles and social media posts, thereby serving as an important Covid emergency tool. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Critical COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Mucormycosis (CAPM): The underreported life-threatening spectrum of the Mucormycosis epidemic

Background: The explosive rise of Mucormycosis (MM) in India and other parts of the world has been described as the 'epidemic following the COVID-19 pandemic'. We report a series of 5 COVID-19 associated pulmonary MM (CAPM) cases with an aggressive clinical course. Method(s): Only confirmed pulmonary mucormycosis cases with COVID infection were included. Demographic,bronchoscopy,microbiological and histopathological details were collected and analysed. Result(s): 5 patients were included (3 males),with an average age of 61.2 yrs. While all five had diabetes mellitus, 4/5 had an average HbA1C > 9. Median duration from COVID symptom onset to MM diagnosis was 19 days. The most common CXR finding was patchy consolidation in 4/5 patients, concurrent empyema in 1, and a thick-walled cavity in another. Fungal smear of the BAL/biopsy was positive in all patients. Histopathology was consistently positive in all, fungal culture was positive in 3/5, and fungal PCR was positive in 2 cases. Endobronchial necrosis was noted in 4/5 cases. All patients were initiated on amphotericin B but could not be operated due to instability and extensive bilateral disease. The late presentation,comorbidities,critical state and fulminant course led to demise within 4 days of diagnosis in 4/5 patients. Dual infection with Aspergillus and Mucor spp. was seen in 3/5 patients. Concurrent MDR bacterial infection present in all patients may have added to mortality. Conclusion(s): Critical CAPM following COVID 19 infection was difficult to diagnose and treat,with an aggressive course and fatal outcome. Bronchoscopy was an invaluable tool in diagnosis and prognostication but could not impact the outcomes.

Immunological and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Exosomes Induced by Lung Transplant Recipients with Covid-19

Exosomes are nano-vesicles of <200 nm released by cells. We have demonstrated the presence of circulating exosomes containing lung self-antigens (SAgs) (Collagen-V, Kα1-Tubulin) and respiratory viral (RVI) antigens in lung transplant recipients (LTxRs) with RVI and rejection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in COVID-19 disease which can result in high morbidity and mortality in LTxRs. The goal of this study is to determine role of exosomes induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTxRs, their origin and immune as well as molecular characteristics. We analyzed exosomes from 20 LTxRs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exosomes were isolated from plasma by Exosome Precipitation Kit and characterized by western blot for SARS-CoV-2 Spike (CSP), nucleocapsid protein (CNP), lung SAgs, cardiac SAgs (Myosin, Vimentin), transcription factors CIITA and NFkB, 20S proteasome, endothelial marker Von Willebrand Factor (VWF, VEGFR1 and V-CADHERIN), epithelial marker (beta catenin, MUC1 and FOX A1), angiotensin II type-I receptor (AT1R), macrophage stimulating factor 1 (MST1) and GRANZYME B (GRA-B). Isolated exosomes were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the presence of CSP, VWF, lung SAgs and cardiac SAgs. Mice were immunized with isolated exosomes containing CSP and CNP. Immune responses and histopathology of the mice lung tissues were analyzed. Exosomes from SARS-CoV-2 infected LTxRs contained CSP, nucleocapsid, VWF, VEGFR1, V-CADHERIN, beta catenin, MUC1, FOX A1 lung SAgs, cardiac SAgs, transcription factors, MST1, GRA-B and AT1R. TEM of exosomes also revealed the surface expression of spike protein, VWF, Kα1-Tubulin and Vimentin. C57BL/6 mice immunized with exosomes developed antibodies to CSP and CNP. Histopathology of the lungs demonstrated inflammation and lung fibrosis. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infected LTxRs induced circulating exosomes with CSP, CNP, lung SAgs, epithelial and endothelial markers suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs in both endothelial and epithelium of the host. Therefore, we propose that the induced exosomes can activate both endothelium and epithelium leading to cytokine release. Immunized mice developed antibodies specific to CSP and CNP resulting in inflammation in the lung and fibrosis. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Heart & Lung Transplantation is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Treating Children with Hcv Close to Home through a Virtual National Multidisciplinary Network

Background and Aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem in adults & children. The recent efficacy of Direct Acting Anti-viral therapy (DAA) has cure rates of 99% in adults and adolescents. These drugs were licensed for children 3-12 yrs during the recent coronavirus pandemic. To ensure equitable access, safe & convenient supply during lockdown, we established a virtual national treatment pathway for children with HCV in England & evaluated its feasibility, efficacy & treatment outcomes. Method A paediatric Multidisciplinary Team Operational Delivery Network (pMDT ODN), supported by NHS England (NHSE), was established with relevant paediatric specialists to provide a single point of contact for referrals & information. Referral & treatment protocols were agreed for HCV therapy approved by MHRA & EMA. On referral the pMDT ODN agreed the most appropriate DAA therapy based on clinical presentation & patient preferences, including ability to swallow tablets. Treatment was prescribed in association with the local paediatrician & pharmacist, without the need for children & families to travel to national centres. All children were eligible for NHS funded therapy;referral centres were approved by the pMDT ODN to dispense medication;funding was reimbursed via a national NHSE agreement. Demographic & clinical data, treatment outcomes & SVR 12 were collected. Feedback on feasibility & satisfaction on the pathway was sought from referrers. Results In the first 6 months, 34 children were referred;30- England;4 - Wales;median (range) age 10 (3.9 - 14.5) yrs;15M;19F: Most were genotype type 1 (17) & 3 (12);2 (1);4(4). Co-morbidities included: obesity (2);cardiac anomaly (1);Cystic Fibrosis (1);Juvenile Arthritis (1). No child had cirrhosis. DAA therapy prescribed: Harvoni (21);Epclusa (11);Maviret (2) .27/34 could swallow tablets;3/7 received training to swallow tablets;4/7 are awaiting release of granules.11/27 have completed treatment and cleared virus;of these 7/11 to date achieved SVR 12. 30 children requiring DAA granule formulation are awaiting referral and treatment. Referrers found the virtual process easy to access, valuing opportunity to discuss their patient's therapy with the MDT & many found it educational. There were difficulties in providing the medication through the local pharmacy. However there are manufacturing delays in providing granule formulations because suppliers focused on treatments for COVID, leading to delays in referring and treating children unable to swallow tablets. Conclusion The National HCV pMDT ODN delivers high quality treatment & equity of access for children & young people, 3- 18 yrs with HCV in England, ensuring they receive care close to home with 100% cure rates.

A Case of COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Liver Failure

Although children with COVID-19 make up a small proportion of patients and have milder symptoms than adults, liver damage is a well-documented side effect of COVID-19 infection. Most liver damage caused by COVID-19 is modest. In this report, a case of a 6-year-old child who was hospitalised to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with COVID-19 manifested as acute liver failure is de-scribed. © 2022 Nawghare et al.

Antibody Response after Chadox1-Ncov (Covishield) and Bbv-152 (Covaxin) in Post Kidney Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a major effect on kidney and other solid organ transplant recipients. Vaccination has emerged as a key tool for controlling the pandemic. Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are highly vulnerable to the serious complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and thus stand to benefit from vaccination. Various studies reported varying responses to different COVID vaccines;however, most data is available for SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) as compared to other vaccines. This study aims to assess the humoral immune response to replication defective viral vectors [ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield)] and whole inactivated one [BBV-152 (Covaxin)] that are currently being administered in India in post-renal transplant patients after the first and second dose. AIM OF THE STUDY: Primary: To study antibody response after ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) and BBV-152 (Covaxin) in post-renal transplant recipients Secondary: To study occurrence of adverse events related to COVID vaccine within one week of vaccination METHODS: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titers were measured in 285 KTR recipients at baseline prior to vaccination and then 3 weeks +/- 3 days after first dose and 3 weeks +/- 3 days after second dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) (n = 232) and BBV-152 (Covaxin) (n = 55) vaccine. Immune response was defined as seropositivity to the anti-spike antibody by chemiluminescence immunoassay method and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Primary outcome was seroconversion after two doses of COVAXIN TM and COVISHIELD TM. The secondary outcome studied was the occurrence of adverse events related to the COVID vaccine within one week of vaccination. Patients with a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infections were excluded from the study. RESULT(S): At baseline, 18 (33.3%) and 70 (30.3%) of KTRs were found to be seropositive before receiving COVAXIN TM and COVISHIELD TM vaccination respectively despite giving no history of previous symptomatic COVID-19 infection. After first dose of COVAXIN TM and COVISHIELD TM vaccination, 42 (77.8%) and 182 (78.8%) were found to be seropositive and after second dose 43 (79.6%) and 183 (79.2%) were seropositive respectively. Seroconversion was found in 81.2% of males compared to 66.7% of females after the first dose of Covid vaccine which was statistically significant (p = 0.022). Seroconversion rate in -50 years was 76.7% (232/285) and >50 years was 90.6% (53/285) (p = 0.025). Seroconversion was not statistically different in KTR whether they were ABO compatible or incompatible, type of induction agent or maintenance immunosuppression used. Common adverse effects encountered were fever, myalgia, headache which settled in 1-2 days. There was no episode of acute rejection reported after the COVID vaccine. CONCLUSION(S): Both ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) and BBV- 152 (Covaxin) were well tolerated and induced robust antibody formation in KTRs in the Indian population.

A research study to understand the impact of pandemic on healthcare workers

The Covid-19 pandemic has shaken up the entire human race as it has led to more than 2.9 million deaths globally, as reported by Johns Hopkins University's Covid-19 Dashboard on April 2021. This pandemic has shaken the entire world and we are still not 'out of woods' yet. Globally, 136 mn patients have been affected by this pandemic and the healthcare infrastructure is in overdrive now. Healthcare workers are our first responders in these adverse times and the irony is that this is also significantly affecting them. A question, which needs consideration is, if our healthcare workers i.e. frontline doctors and nursing staff are succumbed to this situation, then who will save the humankind. This question needs to be answered by looking from the research perspective as to why healthcare workers and care providers are most vulnerable in these pandemic situations and why there is so much mortality in that group. We have tried to understand the key reasons behind this high mortality rate by qualitative review.

Preparing for Transplant - Screening and Prophylaxis of Donor and Recipients before Solid Organ Transplantation: Expert Group Opinion from South Asia

Infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Although many infections are common worldwide, there are differences in various geographic locations. South Asia and India, in particular, has a very active transplant program for kidney and liver transplantation, however, there are no guidelines as how to screen and provide prophylaxis to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and donors for both specific infections prevalent in this region along with usual infections. Keeping this in mind, a working group was created comprising transplant physicians, surgeons, and infectious disease specialists from South Asia as well as experts from other countries. This working group developed guidelines based on published evidence, unpublished data from large centers in this region, along with expert opinion. This section of the guidelines deals with pretransplant screening of donors and recipients, which should be useful in dealing with transplants performed in this region for patients belonging to these countries, for those coming for transplantation from other countries, and for programs outside of South Asia who are screening donors and recipients from this region or who have spent significant time in this region. Copyright © 2022 Indian Journal of Transplantation Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Pre and Posttransplant Vaccination for Solid Organ Transplant Recipient and in South Asia - Expert Group Opinion

Infections are common after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and are an important cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Many of these infections can be prevented or their severity reduced by vaccination in pre and posttransplantation period. It is better to complete the vaccination before transplantation as protection and seroconversion is better, and live vaccines are mostly contraindicated after SOT. Live vaccines should be given at least 4 weeks before transplantation but killed vaccines can be given up to 2 weeks before the planned transplantation. Vaccination for some diseases which are endemic in South Asia should be given, along with usual vaccinations. Serological monitoring is required for some vaccines to check their efficacy. Similarly, some vaccines are recommended for SOT recipients traveling to various endemic regions. Copyright © 2022 Indian Journal of Transplantation Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Expert Group Opinion for Respiratory Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in South Asia

Respiratory infections are among the most common and serious infections after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Infections within a month after transplant are usually donor-derived or bacterial infections related to surgical infections or ventilator associated. Infections between 1-6 months after SOT are mostly opportunistic due to various viruses, or fungal infections. After 6 months of transplantation usually community acquired infections predominate, however it is not uncommon to find opportunistic fungal and viral infections in this period. The signs and symptoms of these infections are often mitigated in SOT recipients, so a high index of suspicion is required along with microbiological or tissue diagnosis early in the course to timely treat these infections. Thorough screening for common infections and endemic infections is required in donor and recipients before transplantation to reduce the risk of infections in posttransplant period. Finally, a longer duration of treatment and prophylaxis is required for adequately treat these infections and prevent the relapse. Copyright © 2022 Indian Journal of Transplantation Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Mucoromycosis: A Double Blow to the Country Amidst the Covid 19 Pandemic

INTRODUCTION: American pathologist R.D. Baker coined the term mucormycosis. Fungal infections are on a rise in the past 2 decades. It is defined as an insidious, broad aseptate ubiquitous fungal infection caused by members of mucorales and zygomcotic species.(1) It is colloquially termed as black fungus, when viewed through microscope it shows dark spherical spores and so the name. Earlier it was also known as zygomycetes, which means primitive fungi with broad, asepta including mucor, rhizopus, absidia and cunninghaemella. It is an opportunistic infection which is widely distributed in nature and predominantly in soil and thrives in dead and decaying substrates. It affects various organs involving the blood vessels causing thrombosis, infarction and necrosis of tissues and organs. As of 26th May 2021, India had noted approximately 12000 cases of mucor along with the Second wave of COVID 19, due to its fatality;it has become a notifiable disease under epidemic act.(2). Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Lung Transplant Recipients with SARS-CoV2 Infection and Bnt162b2 Vaccination Induce Circulating Exosomes with Spike Protein S2 Capable of Inducing Immune Responses to SARS0-CoV2 in Mice

Purpose: Exosomes are small vesicles which are released by cells into body fluids. We have demonstrated the presence of circulating exosomes with viral antigens in lung transplant recipients (LTxRs) diagnosed with respiratory viral infections. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection results Covid-19 disease and SARS-CoV2 infection of LTxRs can be severe with poor clinical outcomes. The goal of this single center study is to determine the development of antibody responses specific to SARS-CoV2 in LTxRs, characterize the immune and molecular markers in the circulating exosomes induced and its role in eliciting immunity. Method(s): To determine that antibody responses and induction of circulating exosomes we enrolled LTxRs with SARS-CoV2 infection (n=50), following 2 doses of vaccination (n=100). Exosomes were isolated from plasma by exosome precipitation kit followed by 0.2 micron filtration and size determination by NanoSight300. Exosomes were subjected to transmission electron microscopy for spike (CSP) and nucleocapsid (CNP) antigens. Exosomes were also characterized by western blot for immune and molecular markers (NFkB, CIITA, 20S proteasome, beta catenin and VWF). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with circulating exosomes isolated from LTxRs with infection. Result(s): 78% of SARS-CoV2 infected LTxRs developed antibodies to CSP and CNP as opposed to normal infected individuals. In contrast, only 55% vaccinated LTxRs developed antibodies to SARS-CoV2 spike. Exosomes from SARS-CoV2 infected and vaccinated individuals contained CSP S2, CNP and immune and molecular markers. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed the presence of CSP and CNP on exosomes. C57BL/6 mice immunized with exosomes carrying CSP developed antibodies to SARS-CoV2 spike antigens. Severe inflammation and lung lesions were also demonstrated in the lungs of mice immunized with exosomes carrying CSP. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV2 infected and vaccinated LTxRs induced circulating exosomes with SARS-CoV2 CSP. In addition, exosomes contained important immune activating molecules suggesting that the exosomes induced by SARS-CoV2 may have a physiological role in inducing immune responses. Immunization of mice with exosomes from SARS-CoV2 infected and vaccinated LTxRs not only induced SARS-CoV2 spike specific antibody but also resulted in inflammation and lung lesions in the immunized animals.

ARE ABO INCOMPATIBLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AT HIGHER RISK OF INFECTIONS?-A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Introduction: Because of the limited donor pool, transplants are being done across the blood group and even HLA incompatibility barriers. But this comes at the cost of increased immunosuppression and the side effects. Effect of this intensified immunosuppression on the incidence of post transplant infections and the type of infection has not been studied extensively. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the incidence of infection in ABO incompatible transplants (ABOi) and compared it with propensity matched cohort of ABO compatible transplants(ABOc) over the same timeframe i.e. 2011 to April 2019. using hospital eHIS record system. Patients were matched with 1:2 ratio (ABOi: ABOc) for age (<60yr, >60yrs),sex, number of previous transplants, pretransplant infections, history of prior immunosuppression, diabetic status, NODAT, and induction agent used. Desensitization protocol for ABO incompatible transplant includes rituximab with double filtration plasmapheresis, plasmapharesis or immunoadsorption to target anti blood group titre of 8. Patient with high immunological risk (e.g.second transplant, HLA incompatible) receive ATG induction while others receive basiliximab induction. Valganciclovir prophylaxis was given only in patients with ATG induction. Results: [Formula presented] [Formula presented] During the study period 89 patients underwent ABOi transplants which were compared with 178 ABOc transplants. (Table1)Mean follow up duration was 50.45months (SD 26.8) in ABOi group and 49.47months (SD28.7) in ABOc group. 17% patients lost to follow up with their last follow up being more than 2 years before. Incidence of overall infections was similar in both the groups (59% (43/89) Vs 44.3% (79/178);p=0.6). (Table2) Incidence of urinary tract infections(UTI)was significantly more in ABOi group vs ABOc group.(23.5% (21/89) vs 11.79% (21/178);p=0.019). Cytomegalovirus infections (CMV) were significantly more in ABOi group 12.3% (11/89) as compared to ABOc group 5% (9/187) (p=0.04). All the patients with CMV infection were CMV IgG positive pretransplant except 2, one from ABOc group who was CMV IgG negative and another from ABOi group who’s pretransplant CMV serology was unavailable. There was no significant difference in incidence of fungal infection, pneumocystis infection, diarrheal infections (other than CMV),pneumonia (other than CMV, PCP, fungal), Herpes, BKV infection. Incidence of post-transplant tuberculosis (3.3% (3/89) Vs 2.8% (5/178);p=1.0) and SARS COV2 infections (12.3% (11/89) vs 9% (16/178);p=0.39 was similar in both the groups. Patient survival was similar in both the groups i.e.95.5% but death censored graft loss was significantly more in ABOi group 0.9% (8/89) as compared ABOc group 0.3% (5/178) p=0.03. Reason of graft loss in all the patients was immunological and not infection. Infection was cause for death in three ABOi patients and four ABOc patients. Conclusions: Overall incidence of infections in ABOi transplants was similar to Abo compatible transplant. Incidence of UTIs and CMV infections were significantly higher in ABOi group. No conflict of interest